Chapter 2 : India- Physical Features class 9th

Chapter 2: India Physical Features
Answer the following questions briefly:
Q1. What are tectonic plates ?
Ans. The convectional currents below the Earth’s crust split the crust into a number of pieces. These pieces are called tectonic plates. e.g., Eurasian plate, Indo-Australian plate,  Pacific plate, African plate,etc.
The movement of these plates builds up stresses within the plates and also the continental rocks above which results in folding, faulting and volcanic activity.
Q 2. Which continents of today were part of the Gondwanaland ?
Answer The Gondwana land included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single land mass.
Q 3. What is the Bhabar?
Ans. Bhabar is a narrow belt of land about 8 to 16 km wide and covered with pebbles deposited by the rivers and lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks.
Q 4. Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
Ans. i. Himadri or Inner Himalaya.
ii. Himachal or Lesser Himalaya.
iii. Shiwaliks or Outer Himalaya.
Q 5. Which plateaus lies between the Aravalli and the Vindhyan ranges?
Ans. Malwa plateau lies between the Aravalli and the Vindhyan ranges.
Q 6. Name of the Island group of India having coral Vindhyan.
Ans.  Lakshadweep Islands are composed of small coral islands.

Q7. Distinguish between the following:
(i) Converging and diverging tectonic plates.
Ans. Convergent Boundary : When some plates come towards each other, form convergent boundary. It may lead to either collide and crumble, or one may slide under the other.
Divergent Boundary : When some plates move away from each other, it form divergent boundary.
They form rift valley.
(ii) Bhangar and Khadar.
Ans. Bhangar:
These are the older alluvium or old soil and form the largest part of the Northern Plains.
Presents a terrace like feature.
Less fertile.
Khadar:
The newer and younger deposits of the flood plains. Renewed every Year
Contains calcerous deposits locally
known as Kankar.
More fertile
iii).
Q 8. Describe how the Himalayas were formed.
Ans.
(a) The oldest landmass of India (peninsular part) was a part of Gondwana land.
(b) Gondwana land included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single landmass.
(c) Convectional currents split the crust into a number of pieces, thereby leading to the drifting of the Indo – Australian plate after being separated from the Gondwana land towards the North.
(d) The Northward drift resulted in the collision of the plate with the much larger Eurasian plate.
(e) Due to this collision the sedimentary rocks which were accumulated in the geosyncline known as the Tethys, were folded to form the mountain systems of Western Asia and Himalaya.
(f) The Himalayas represent a youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast following rivers.


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