Study material for Geography (Class VIII)
QUESTION BANK
Subject – Geography
CHAPTER -1
Resources
Q.(i) What is patent? (1)
Ans. Patent is the exclusive right over any idea or invention.
Q.(ii) What do you understand by the word utility? (1)
Answer-If a substance can be used in any way it is said to have its utility.
Q.(iii)Why are resources distributed unequally over the Earth? (1)
Answer-The distribution of resources depends upon a number of physical factors like terrain, climate and altitude. Since these factors differ so much over the Earth, the distribution of resources is unequal.
Q.(iv) What is resource conservation?(1)
Answer- Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation.
Q.(v) Why are human resources important?(2)
Answe-Human resources are important because people can make the best uses of nature to create more resources by applying knowledge, skill and technology.
Q.(vi) What is sustainable development(3)
Answer- Balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future is called sustainable development. In other words, carefully utilizing resources so that besides meeting the present requirements it also takes care of the need of future generations is known as sustainable development.
Q.(vii) Discuss any two factors which are needed for human resource development.(3)
Ans-.(a) Education: Education is very important factor for human resource development. Educated people can be trained better . Education enhances the skill of the people and turns them into useful resource.
b) Health: Health is very important factor for human resource development. Healthy people can work regularly. Healthy people are more effective workforce.
Q.(viii) How can we classify resources on the bases of distribution ?(3)
Answer-a) Ubiquitous resource A resource which is found everywhere.
Example: The air we breathe.
b)Localised resource
A resource which is found only in certain places.
Example: Copper.
Q.(ix) Differentiate between the following. (3)
Potential and actual resources
Answer-Potential resource:-
a) . A resource whose entire quantity is not known.
b)Not being used at present, but could be used in the future.
c)The present level of technology is not advanced enough to utilise it. Example: The uranium found in Ladakh.
Actual resource:-
a)A resource whose quantity is known .
b)Being used in the present.
c)The present level of technology is advanced enough to utilise, and could be used in the future Example: The dark soils of the Deccan plateau in Maharashtra.
Chapter -2
Land, soil water, natural vegetation and wildlife resource.
Q.(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation? (1)
Answer Temperature and rainfall are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation.
Q.(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today. (1)
Answer- a)Deforestation and
The indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural lands are two factors contributing to land degradation.
Q.(iii) Why is land considered an important resource? (2)
Answer- Land is considered as an important resource as it provides habitation to a wide variety of flora and fauna. Also used by Human beings for various purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses and roads, and setting up industries.
Q.(iv) Describe the world -wide problem of water shortage. (2)
Answer.- Water shortage is a major problem in many regions of the world. They include most of Africa, the middle east, most of south Asia, North-west Mexico, parts of South America and most Australia.
Q.(v) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals. (3)
Answer-Two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals:
(a) Has set up national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves for protecting natural vegetation and wildlife; for example, the Kaziranga National Park in Assam.
(b) Has banned the killing of lions, tigers, deer, great Indian bustards and peacocks. It has also prohibited the trade of the species of plants and animals protected under the international agreement CITES.
Q.(vi) Suggest three ways to conserve water. (3)
Answer- Three ways to conserve water:
(a) Rain-water harvesting -We can preserve rain water and use for different deeds.
(b) Lining irrigation canals to avoid seepage of water-This method help us to use water in more efficient way.
(c) Replenishing ground water by promoting afforestation - By planting more and more tree we can preserve water .
Q.(vii) justify the statement that water availability in India is declining. (3)
Answer- This statement is true. Though water is present in abundance, fresh water is a scarce resource. Water availability is a serious problem in many regions of the world. Due to the wastage of water, deforestation, and the pollution and depletion of fresh water reserves (such as rivers and ground water), the availability of water is fast declining.
CHAPTER-3
Mineral and Power Resources
Q.(i) Name any three common minerals used by you everyday. (1)
Answer-Salt, Gold and Copper are three common minerals used everyday.
Q.(ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located? (1)
Answer- Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores. For any material to be called ore of any mineral, it must contain minimum adequate quantity of that mineral so that it can be extracted profitably.
Q.(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources. (1)
Answer -Russia and Norway are the two regions rich in natural gas resources.
Q(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for (a) Rural areas (b) Coastal areas (c) Arid regions. (3)
Answer- (a) Biogas energy for rural areas .
(b) Hydel and tidal energy for coastal areas.
(c) Wind and solar energy for arid regions.
Q.(v)Distinguish between the following. (3)
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer-Conventionalsources of energy -Conventional sources of energy have been in common use for a long time are generally exhaustible are mostly polluting.
Non-conventional sources of energy-They are not commonly used, theyare generally inexhaustible. They are non polluting.
Q.(vii) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home. (5)
Answer- Five ways in which energy can be saved at home:
a) Switching off lights, fans and other electrical appliances when not in use.
b) By seeing to it that electrical devices are operating efficiently; for example, defrosting refrigerator regularly and not keeping the refrigerator door open for longer than necessary.
c) Using energy-efficient devices such as fluorescent bulbs and tubes .
d) Using energy efficiently while cooking; for example, keeping the lids of pans on while cooking.
e) Unplugging electrical devices when not in use prevents leakage of electricity; thus saving energy.
Q(Viii) Why Petroleum is referred to as “black gold”? (5)
Answer-Petroleum is referred to as “black gold” because it is black in colour in the crude form and its derivatives are extremely valuable as petroleum itself. Today it is almost inevitable in our day-to-day life. A variety of products like – kerosene, diesel, petrol, wax, plastics, lubricants etc. are produced from these mineral resources.
Q.(ix) Quarrying can become a major environmental concern. Explain the statement . (5)
Answer- Quarrying can become a major environmental concern because of the following reasons:
a) It may destroy the humus of soil which is much required for the growth of plants and crops.
b)It produces a lot of noise pollution due to use of explosives at times in order to break the huge chunks of rocks.
c) In the process of quarrying lot of dust is generated which causes air pollution and also occupational hazards.
d) Blasting is done in the process of quarrying generate vibration which damage in the nearby buildings, dams or any other similar structure.
Q.(X). distinguishbetween Biogas and Natural gas . (5)
Biogas- Formed using organic wastes such as dead plant and animal matter, animal dung and kitchen waste.
a)It is a non-conventional source of energy
b)It is easily available, especially in rural areas.
c)It is polluting; causes greenhouse effect as it releases carbon dioxide.
d) It is used as a domestic fuel for cooking and lighting.
Natural gas-It is found along with petroleum deposits and gets released when crude oil is brought to the surface.
a)Itis a conventional source of energy.
-b)It is not easily available; very few countries have sufficient natural gas reserves of their own.
c)Itis a cleaner fuel.
d)It is used as a domestic fuel as well as an industrial fuel.
Subject – Geography
CHAPTER -1
Resources
Q.(i) What is patent? (1)
Ans. Patent is the exclusive right over any idea or invention.
Q.(ii) What do you understand by the word utility? (1)
Answer-If a substance can be used in any way it is said to have its utility.
Q.(iii)Why are resources distributed unequally over the Earth? (1)
Answer-The distribution of resources depends upon a number of physical factors like terrain, climate and altitude. Since these factors differ so much over the Earth, the distribution of resources is unequal.
Q.(iv) What is resource conservation?(1)
Answer- Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation.
Q.(v) Why are human resources important?(2)
Answe-Human resources are important because people can make the best uses of nature to create more resources by applying knowledge, skill and technology.
Q.(vi) What is sustainable development(3)
Answer- Balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future is called sustainable development. In other words, carefully utilizing resources so that besides meeting the present requirements it also takes care of the need of future generations is known as sustainable development.
Q.(vii) Discuss any two factors which are needed for human resource development.(3)
Ans-.(a) Education: Education is very important factor for human resource development. Educated people can be trained better . Education enhances the skill of the people and turns them into useful resource.
b) Health: Health is very important factor for human resource development. Healthy people can work regularly. Healthy people are more effective workforce.
Q.(viii) How can we classify resources on the bases of distribution ?(3)
Answer-a) Ubiquitous resource A resource which is found everywhere.
Example: The air we breathe.
b)Localised resource
A resource which is found only in certain places.
Example: Copper.
Q.(ix) Differentiate between the following. (3)
Potential and actual resources
Answer-Potential resource:-
a) . A resource whose entire quantity is not known.
b)Not being used at present, but could be used in the future.
c)The present level of technology is not advanced enough to utilise it. Example: The uranium found in Ladakh.
Actual resource:-
a)A resource whose quantity is known .
b)Being used in the present.
c)The present level of technology is advanced enough to utilise, and could be used in the future Example: The dark soils of the Deccan plateau in Maharashtra.
Chapter -2
Land, soil water, natural vegetation and wildlife resource.
Q.(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation? (1)
Answer Temperature and rainfall are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation.
Q.(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today. (1)
Answer- a)Deforestation and
The indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural lands are two factors contributing to land degradation.
Q.(iii) Why is land considered an important resource? (2)
Answer- Land is considered as an important resource as it provides habitation to a wide variety of flora and fauna. Also used by Human beings for various purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses and roads, and setting up industries.
Q.(iv) Describe the world -wide problem of water shortage. (2)
Answer.- Water shortage is a major problem in many regions of the world. They include most of Africa, the middle east, most of south Asia, North-west Mexico, parts of South America and most Australia.
Q.(v) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals. (3)
Answer-Two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals:
(a) Has set up national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves for protecting natural vegetation and wildlife; for example, the Kaziranga National Park in Assam.
(b) Has banned the killing of lions, tigers, deer, great Indian bustards and peacocks. It has also prohibited the trade of the species of plants and animals protected under the international agreement CITES.
Q.(vi) Suggest three ways to conserve water. (3)
Answer- Three ways to conserve water:
(a) Rain-water harvesting -We can preserve rain water and use for different deeds.
(b) Lining irrigation canals to avoid seepage of water-This method help us to use water in more efficient way.
(c) Replenishing ground water by promoting afforestation - By planting more and more tree we can preserve water .
Q.(vii) justify the statement that water availability in India is declining. (3)
Answer- This statement is true. Though water is present in abundance, fresh water is a scarce resource. Water availability is a serious problem in many regions of the world. Due to the wastage of water, deforestation, and the pollution and depletion of fresh water reserves (such as rivers and ground water), the availability of water is fast declining.
CHAPTER-3
Mineral and Power Resources
Q.(i) Name any three common minerals used by you everyday. (1)
Answer-Salt, Gold and Copper are three common minerals used everyday.
Q.(ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located? (1)
Answer- Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores. For any material to be called ore of any mineral, it must contain minimum adequate quantity of that mineral so that it can be extracted profitably.
Q.(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources. (1)
Answer -Russia and Norway are the two regions rich in natural gas resources.
Q(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for (a) Rural areas (b) Coastal areas (c) Arid regions. (3)
Answer- (a) Biogas energy for rural areas .
(b) Hydel and tidal energy for coastal areas.
(c) Wind and solar energy for arid regions.
Q.(v)Distinguish between the following. (3)
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer-Conventionalsources of energy -Conventional sources of energy have been in common use for a long time are generally exhaustible are mostly polluting.
Non-conventional sources of energy-They are not commonly used, theyare generally inexhaustible. They are non polluting.
Q.(vii) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home. (5)
Answer- Five ways in which energy can be saved at home:
a) Switching off lights, fans and other electrical appliances when not in use.
b) By seeing to it that electrical devices are operating efficiently; for example, defrosting refrigerator regularly and not keeping the refrigerator door open for longer than necessary.
c) Using energy-efficient devices such as fluorescent bulbs and tubes .
d) Using energy efficiently while cooking; for example, keeping the lids of pans on while cooking.
e) Unplugging electrical devices when not in use prevents leakage of electricity; thus saving energy.
Q(Viii) Why Petroleum is referred to as “black gold”? (5)
Answer-Petroleum is referred to as “black gold” because it is black in colour in the crude form and its derivatives are extremely valuable as petroleum itself. Today it is almost inevitable in our day-to-day life. A variety of products like – kerosene, diesel, petrol, wax, plastics, lubricants etc. are produced from these mineral resources.
Q.(ix) Quarrying can become a major environmental concern. Explain the statement . (5)
Answer- Quarrying can become a major environmental concern because of the following reasons:
a) It may destroy the humus of soil which is much required for the growth of plants and crops.
b)It produces a lot of noise pollution due to use of explosives at times in order to break the huge chunks of rocks.
c) In the process of quarrying lot of dust is generated which causes air pollution and also occupational hazards.
d) Blasting is done in the process of quarrying generate vibration which damage in the nearby buildings, dams or any other similar structure.
Q.(X). distinguishbetween Biogas and Natural gas . (5)
Biogas- Formed using organic wastes such as dead plant and animal matter, animal dung and kitchen waste.
a)It is a non-conventional source of energy
b)It is easily available, especially in rural areas.
c)It is polluting; causes greenhouse effect as it releases carbon dioxide.
d) It is used as a domestic fuel for cooking and lighting.
Natural gas-It is found along with petroleum deposits and gets released when crude oil is brought to the surface.
a)Itis a conventional source of energy.
-b)It is not easily available; very few countries have sufficient natural gas reserves of their own.
c)Itis a cleaner fuel.
d)It is used as a domestic fuel as well as an industrial fuel.
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