Chapter 2 (Economics) :People as a Resource , Class 9th
Chapter 2 - People as a Resource
Q1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
Ans: People as a resource is a way of referring to the country’s working population in terms of their
existing productive skills and abilities.
Q2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Ans: Human resource is different from other resources like land and physical capital in the following ways:
i) Human resource makes use of other resources like land and physical capital to produce an output.
ii) The other resources cannot become useful on their own.
iii) It the human resource which creates wealth out of the physical Resources.
Q3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Ans: Education is the most important component of human resource development.
i) Proper education and training enable the formation of this human capital. An educated population is an asset, a resource.
ii) Education enhances the quantity and quality of individual productivity, which in turn adds to the growth of the economy.
iii) It develops personality and sense of national consciousness among the people which are important for rapid economic growth.
Q4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Ans: Health plays an important role in human capital formation.
i) The heath of a person helps him to realize his potential and the ability to fight illness.
ii) An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organization.
iii) Good health increases the efficiency of a worker.
iv) Good health increases the learning capacity of a worker.
Q5. What part does health play in an individual’s working life?
Ans- The health plays an important part in an individual's working life in the following ways:
I) The health of an individual helps him to realise his potential.
iii) Health gives an individual worker the ability to fight illness.
iii) A healthy worker is an asset to the institution.
iv) Health enhances the efficiency and productivity of the worker.
Q6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Ans: Economic activities can be categorized into three types, viz. primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
i) Primary Activities: Economic activities which are related to agriculture, poultry farming, fishing, horticulture, animal husbandry, mining, quarrying, etc. are called primary activities. Natural resources are just extracted (with little or no modification) in primary activities.
ii) Secondary Activities: Manufacturing is called secondary activity. Natural resources are properly modified in secondary activity.
iii) Tertiary Activities: Economic activities which support the primary and secondary activities are called tertiary activities. Banking, transport, finance and different types of services come under tertiary activities.
Q7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Ans: Economic Activities :
(i) Economic activities contribute to the flow of goods and services in an economy.
(ii) These activities contribute to the GDP
(iii) Economic activities performed for remuneration, wages, profits, etc.
Non- Economic Activities:
(i) Non- economic activities do not contribute to the flow of goods and services in an economy.
(ii) Not paid in the form of wages or profit.
(iii) Non- economic activities included activities performed at domestic level.
Q8. Why are women employed in low-paid work?
Ans: A majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. This is one of the reasons why they get paid less than men.
Q9. How will you explain the term unemployment?
Ans: Unemployment is a situation in which people who are able and willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs.
An individual is termed as unemployed if he or she is part of the workforce of a country, and is capable and willing to work for payment, but is unable to do so.
Q10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Ans: Seasonal Unemployment:
This type of unemployment is more prevalent in rural areas. The farming cycle is season based. There are certain months which are quite busy for a farm worker. There are many other months when a farm worker is without a work.
Disguised Unemployment:
This type of unemployment is also more prevalent in rural areas. To understand this, let us take the example of a family with 8 working members. All of them are working on their farm. The size of the farm makes it possible to be efficiently managed by 5 persons only. The extra three persons are not contributing towards any growth in productivity. They are working because they have no other gainful employment. Their potential could have given better results if utilised elsewhere.
Q11. Why is educated unemployment a peculiar problem of India?
Ans: The problem of unemployment among the educated youth is very high in urban areas. Now-a-days, even highly educated youths; like graduates and postgraduates; are unable to find a job. Some analysts suggest that most of the highly educated youth do not possess employability. But most of the analysts say that it is because of demand supply gap.
While many technically qualified people are unemployed, there are many jobs remaining vacant because of lack properly trained person.
Q12.Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
Ans: Measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed:
i) Make education at the secondary level more career-oriented, which would endow individuals with not only education but also the requisite skills for gaining successful employment.
ii) Introduce Vocational training like carpentry, plumbing, tailoring, etc in the curriculum
iii) Introduce career programs like SKILL India, Pradhan Mantri Koushal Vikash Yojna (PMKVY), etc.
15. Which capital would you consider the best – land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Ans: Human capital makes use of the other resources like land, labour and physical capital to produce an output. The other resources cannot become useful on their own. Hence, human capital may well be considered the best among all the resources.
Ans: People as a resource is a way of referring to the country’s working population in terms of their
existing productive skills and abilities.
Q2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Ans: Human resource is different from other resources like land and physical capital in the following ways:
i) Human resource makes use of other resources like land and physical capital to produce an output.
ii) The other resources cannot become useful on their own.
iii) It the human resource which creates wealth out of the physical Resources.
Q3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Ans: Education is the most important component of human resource development.
i) Proper education and training enable the formation of this human capital. An educated population is an asset, a resource.
ii) Education enhances the quantity and quality of individual productivity, which in turn adds to the growth of the economy.
iii) It develops personality and sense of national consciousness among the people which are important for rapid economic growth.
Q4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Ans: Health plays an important role in human capital formation.
i) The heath of a person helps him to realize his potential and the ability to fight illness.
ii) An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organization.
iii) Good health increases the efficiency of a worker.
iv) Good health increases the learning capacity of a worker.
Q5. What part does health play in an individual’s working life?
Ans- The health plays an important part in an individual's working life in the following ways:
I) The health of an individual helps him to realise his potential.
iii) Health gives an individual worker the ability to fight illness.
iii) A healthy worker is an asset to the institution.
iv) Health enhances the efficiency and productivity of the worker.
Q6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Ans: Economic activities can be categorized into three types, viz. primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
i) Primary Activities: Economic activities which are related to agriculture, poultry farming, fishing, horticulture, animal husbandry, mining, quarrying, etc. are called primary activities. Natural resources are just extracted (with little or no modification) in primary activities.
ii) Secondary Activities: Manufacturing is called secondary activity. Natural resources are properly modified in secondary activity.
iii) Tertiary Activities: Economic activities which support the primary and secondary activities are called tertiary activities. Banking, transport, finance and different types of services come under tertiary activities.
Q7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Ans: Economic Activities :
(i) Economic activities contribute to the flow of goods and services in an economy.
(ii) These activities contribute to the GDP
(iii) Economic activities performed for remuneration, wages, profits, etc.
Non- Economic Activities:
(i) Non- economic activities do not contribute to the flow of goods and services in an economy.
(ii) Not paid in the form of wages or profit.
(iii) Non- economic activities included activities performed at domestic level.
Q8. Why are women employed in low-paid work?
Ans: A majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. This is one of the reasons why they get paid less than men.
Q9. How will you explain the term unemployment?
Ans: Unemployment is a situation in which people who are able and willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs.
An individual is termed as unemployed if he or she is part of the workforce of a country, and is capable and willing to work for payment, but is unable to do so.
Q10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Ans: Seasonal Unemployment:
This type of unemployment is more prevalent in rural areas. The farming cycle is season based. There are certain months which are quite busy for a farm worker. There are many other months when a farm worker is without a work.
Disguised Unemployment:
This type of unemployment is also more prevalent in rural areas. To understand this, let us take the example of a family with 8 working members. All of them are working on their farm. The size of the farm makes it possible to be efficiently managed by 5 persons only. The extra three persons are not contributing towards any growth in productivity. They are working because they have no other gainful employment. Their potential could have given better results if utilised elsewhere.
Q11. Why is educated unemployment a peculiar problem of India?
Ans: The problem of unemployment among the educated youth is very high in urban areas. Now-a-days, even highly educated youths; like graduates and postgraduates; are unable to find a job. Some analysts suggest that most of the highly educated youth do not possess employability. But most of the analysts say that it is because of demand supply gap.
While many technically qualified people are unemployed, there are many jobs remaining vacant because of lack properly trained person.
Q12.Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
Ans: Measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed:
i) Make education at the secondary level more career-oriented, which would endow individuals with not only education but also the requisite skills for gaining successful employment.
ii) Introduce Vocational training like carpentry, plumbing, tailoring, etc in the curriculum
iii) Introduce career programs like SKILL India, Pradhan Mantri Koushal Vikash Yojna (PMKVY), etc.
15. Which capital would you consider the best – land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Ans: Human capital makes use of the other resources like land, labour and physical capital to produce an output. The other resources cannot become useful on their own. Hence, human capital may well be considered the best among all the resources.
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