People As Resource

People as Resource

Class IX 

 1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

Answer:

‘People as a resource’ is a way of referring to the working population of a country, in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. A large population is considered as a liability, rather than an asset. However, a large population can be turned into a productive asset by investing in education, training and the medical care of the people. A productive population contributes considerably towards creation of Gross National Product. ‘People as a resource’ is the positive side of a large population that is often overlooked.

2.How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?

Answer:

The following are the main differences between human resources and other resources such as land and physical capital:

3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Answer:

(i) An educated society facilitates better development than an illiterate one.

(ii) Education provides new aspirations and imparts a modern outlook to children.

(iii) Education makes people concerned for themselves and others, improves productivity and prosperity, and enriches life experience.

(iv) It not only contributes towards the growth of an individual but also helps in the development of the society as a whole.

(v) Along with increasing the efficiency of the government, education also increases the national income along with our cultural richness.

4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Answer:

Health does not mean survival only. It involves not only the physical fitness of the individual but also his mental capabilities. Health contributes towards human capital formation in the following ways:

(i) A healthy person provides uninterrupted labour supply for a longer period than an unhealthy person.

(ii) The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and ability to fight illness.

(iii) Good health increases the efficiency of a worker.

(iv) Good health increases the learning capacity of a worker.

5. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?

Answer:

Health plays an important role in an individual’s working life. A healthy person provides uninterrupted labour supply for a longer period than an unhealthy person. Good health helps him to discover his true potential and his ability to fight illness along with increasing the efficiency of a worker.

6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary, secondary and the tertiary sectors?

Answer:

The various activities undertaken in the primary, secondary and the tertiary sectors are classified in the table below:

7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

Answer:

Following are the main points of difference between economic activities and non-economic activities:

8. Why are women employed in low paid work?

Answer:

Women are employed in low paid work due to the following reasons:

There is a division of labour between men and women due to the historical and cultural reasons.

Among women, the literacy rate and skill formation are low.

The legal protection of women employees is meager.

Most women find jobs in fields, where there is no job security.

9. How will you explain the term unemployment?

Answer:

Unemployment is a situation when a person is not involved in any gainful occupation. It also exists when a person is able and willing to work, but cannot find jobs It creates a feeling of despair among the educated youth. It has a negative impact on the overall economic growth of a country.

10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Answer:

Following are the main points of difference between disguised and seasonal unemployment:

11. Why is educated unemployment, a peculiar problem of India?

Answer:

Educated unemployment is a peculiar problem of India due to the following reasons:

1. There is unemployment in the technically qualified population, while there is a scarcity of technical skills required for the economic growth of a country.
2. According to a study, unemployment among graduates and post graduates has increased faster than the matriculates.
3. In a paradoxical manpower situation, there is surplus manpower in certain categories while there is shortage of manpower in others.
4. Not being able to find job for long periods creates a feeling of depression among the youth.

12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

Answer:

Most of the population is engaged in the agriculture sector. India can develop employment opportunities in the field of primary sector by introducing modern methods of cultivation and production. The government can also ensure employment in secondary and tertiary sectors by focusing on skill development and the training of individuals.

13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?

Answer:

Following are some of the measures that can be undertaken to mitigate the problem of educated unemployment:

Educational institutions should focus on imparting job-oriented education.

The structure of education should be such that it successfully caters to the employment market.

Vocational and professional education should be promoted to introduce the future prospects of various career opportunities to the youth.

The students should be provided educational counselling to help them identify their areas of interest and persuade them to pursue their career in the same.

14. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?

Answer:

There are a large number of villages in India which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many jobs. The generation of different types of employment opportunities takes place with the development of industry and infrastructure near a village. Gurgaon is one of the most appropriate examples. Prior to the setting up of the Maruti Udyog Limited in Gurgaon, it was a small village. However, with subsequent development of the industry, Gurgaon has now been converted into an international business hub.

15. Which capital would you consider the best—land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?

Answer:

Among land, labour, physical capital and human capital, human capital is the best because it can make use of land, labour and physical capital. Land and capital cannot become useful on their own.